154

Date 1912-07-26

From 154

Priddy, Tury ceth, 1018 a) BF leloinintelnleiotelointoinies he first of The rably placed in f the best of its bers La Fon- nto American you the summer? looking shame rowing dame. day to each comer you. please. I'm at ease; in at a glance, n, you must dance. erpart of the n the wind im- Friday, Saly 26th, 1912 - lt;Coprright, 1912 hy tha New Xork HE wotld thinks that tt mores along its way with- j-out-lose-of-energy It b4 human aggregation wastes more force in foot pounds total than would be sufiicient to drive all the battle ships of nations: that the unnecessary energy expended by man, woman and child would more than actuate every dynamo, every electric light station, all systems of rallroads, all motive control. Men burry along, forgetting in thelr mad rush that they are wasting a tremendous , amount of physical streqgth. Mr. T. H. Brigg, who is one of the Heculd Go, AM rights reserved.) jens his step he Increases the absolute work that he does by several hundred per cent. That is to say, for every average step the retardation of the ground-tends to thrust him backward far, beyond his ordinary strength. So if the line from the perpendicular A-C ia lengthened to B* the pedestrian is not only decreasing bla etrength but de creasing his endurance. Mr. Brigg went on to say that all things being equal. the totality of the sims of angles are equal, and we know that the sum of any two sides of tri- angle is greater than the third side. In Figure 2 it is apparent that a horse world s greatest exponents of dynamle, never lengthens his st p under normal mechanical and physiologital economy, conditions and that the ratio of its en- says T always bave been Interested injerey is proportionate to its weight. mechanics, thelr application to human life and to the results that might be obtained by the simple introduction of certain me- chanical principles. In how far they might or might not be carried out is not for me to say. Suffice ft, then, to eatimate as nearly as I can the great waste of energy, not only in so far as mankind is concerned, but with reference to horsea and draught animals of any kind. The nornial man in walking starts feom -2-vertient position, umd-in-the act-of walk- ing he relaxes the forward part of) the muscles of his forward foot; he raises the other so that it shall be in readiness to alight on the ground so as to prevent the man s body from falling. Were it not for the expenditure of energy by the rear foot,, that. taises the body again over the centre of movements, 2-fall-would-reqult Why? Because the act of walking is nothing but a series of intercepted falls, and the foot that is on the ground fs the point of gravity about which the body rotates. Now, then, the waste of force is more Retarding Energy. When asked apout the term retarding energy Mr. Brigg sal : By that I mean the placing of a human being s foot. lor ofan animal's foot if you like, before ithe other, 20 as to check the body and prevent a fall. The vertical line drawn from the horizontal at that moment and 1a line drawn thence from the centre of gravity to the ground at the point of contact with the advanced foct, complet- jing the triangle, give you a complete designation-of the forces exerted What happens if one steps on an lorange peel? was asked. The coefficient of friction ts then so greatly reduced that the upward thrust of the sidewalk is reduced to a mini- mum, and a ast amount of energy is wasted in trying to-recover that-which mands. It must be understood, Mr. Brigg continued, that whatever force is ex- erted against an inanimate object reverts directly on the person who exerts it. the inhibitive muscular, instinct de- Mu so than is necessary, I ad- where for the reason that four-fifths of 2he people of the world take longer strides shan are necessary. Mr. Brigg, carrying out bis theory. aid that a man walking at the rate of four miles an hour expended a retarding energy of double his own weight. this ratio being variable directly to the gait of the map, In Figure 1 the triangle forme fines A-B, B-C and C-A represent stride; but the instant that a man length- Why? or the reison-that the human body does not permit of gradations of innocular sense. When one goes into a dark, strange room one attempts to feel one s way about usually with dire resulis. Why is it that chairs are co hard aud tables so immovable to various portions of one's body? Simply because the body moves forward with far greater ex- pen penditure of energy than is necessary the result is a heavier or lighter blow. de id object. Conservation of Energy Horse Leaping Cannon Ball's Course FF. ing on the weight of the inanimate To the question, What manner of men Causes of Sore Throats and-How to Avoid Them T-would- at least be-thougbt that thetwo sull rivers, the Havel and the Spree) suffered, however, from-ulore sore throat affections called sore throate that is Funning through it. These would ve than the rest of the population and the heat and red. tlled scarcely more than creeks in wos spread of these diseases had te be watched, Rela af the tack of the throat and of the Parts of this country...When Berlin ve- rather carefully. It eaufe to be generally Tale hich occurs so often ia the a8 to grow into a world city these little. recognized that sore throat probably winter time would be due directly col Ueme becaine choked with sewage and spr ad much more from material thitt g0t ef Hime would Proved otbeds for the fosterivg of dix- juto the mouth with the food. or from the scold. Ordinarlly-itia thought that the/edye. The problem of the disyosal ot hands in some way, than through the air. impact of cold air upon the back of the Berlin's sewage seemed very serious then. We-had a striking exemplitication of rout when breathing deeply must bring/It was confided to Virchow, the great thar last spring near Boston, About May bout these symptoms of indammation. German pathologist. who arranged for 15 an epidemic of very severe sore throat Ve know tow, however, thar the presence the sewage farms on which the sewage (set in in the subutbe of Boston and spread ff bacteria of various kinds makes more of the city would be sprexd fertit-lvery rapidly. Altogether nearly 1,000 fan anything else for sore throats. It luer. After the war with France, in 187. persons suffered frum it, There were 5 been found that those who work im in- when Berlin increased very rapidly i2/twenty-seven deaths, but there were al tious material of various kinds, or who Population, these sewage farms had t0 great many complications and tauch suf- mathe in much eewer gas, or why baye be extended enormously. The German fering, There were abscestes in the ton- juch co do with the handling ot garouge, capital grew in population trom half sits, in the ears, in the glands of the ueck with the disposal of sewage, suer'tiore million to uearly two wi n in about : s jand in various parts of the mouth. The Eequently from sore throats than the rest) twenty-five years. Many thousands of time of ity occurrence just at the moat + rhe aeetistics of the DeTeons had to be employed in these sew- horn ating oe necteg ony vatteulael ties of London, Maris aud Gerlin exeui- age farms in intimate daily contact with aarpei ine for those who thik of sare fy this very irikingly. In aris was the sewage from the great city. It might throar as due to cold ai ov wet feet, or 0 work in the sewers, whicu are iu urge De expected that they would be in pur- ,oo So cule ce Sue ane Of at eee Or lleries, and the sewage canals are so Cicularly precarious condition as rez4rds lime When the cause for the epidemic 0 that even boats may gv ou them and the development of disease, that ab0vE was traced, however, it was found to be sorts of work may be carried on vy all the stomach and intestinal dineases tue co sit which ted come fons lates ns. of artiticl Hight. 1t aiigh se Would be frequent among them, since they nq ordinarily very well regulated dairy jushe that the inca who work here ali are bandling material that often conveys lin which, however, something had hap- long and every day in the year would them. pened to bring about contamination of r imore from intestinal diseases than Vitchow watched with great care the the milk. Test of the population because they ave/ statistics of disease among these sewage Such epidemics of sore throat from closely nssvciated with intestinal de- workers, They were instructed never tolmilk have often been traced in Europe, . Statistics show, however, that what eat exo-pt after very careful washing ofland they expect to hare at least one soffer from most are affections of the their hands, and the changing from work- rather severe and. widespread epidemic pat. ing into other clothes after labor was im-lof this kind every year somewhere In Phe problem as it can be seen in Bertin posed on them. There was less intes- England. Evidently it is what we put e0 more interesting. The German tinal disease among them than among thelinto our mouths rather than what we the swelling, tenderness, ital is an absolutely inland city with rest of the population of Berlin. They breathe In that produces the sore (broat. B Angles of Mechanical Exactitude for Least Work fact any who trcusport or who are the New York by the work-aday world, it riding on a hbiwe the body not oily sum means whereby loads are moved from oae would seem that the sum total would taiva the abock of the animal's stride, place to another. Why, the loss of energy, doubtless be sufficient to do many tidre but in this case there Is great nervous the sheer waste of it in this class alcne things than those mentioned by Mr. waste, for the reseon that the brain would be equal to countless horse-powet in Brigz. Attempts to orviemmemiae lenath of any branch of properly applied mechanies. When it ls Indubitably a fnct that the *be horse's stride 1 Take the case of nursery maid. Would energy exerted by horse in leaping she rather carry a child or push it before ve foot gate is only equalled by the en- ber in a perambulator or walk wit eray that is- expended by sufficient num- se You my, Walk without elther' her of men that can throw the horve's lt;*2le-diiference In time, and ha result you ate wrong. She would far rather body a like height and distan: : push thayperambulator, for the simple rea ha it meu to place the horse's body * tine not only physical Bel sents son that by so doing she saves herself to in q cannon the powder that would be f - Ue, the extent of the weight that she bears on necessary to blow it over the fence would Mental Energy Wasted, ts bangle bare, We will say that shelyend a projectile many miles from Sandy D2 You thon believe that here Jeans twenty pounds of her welght 00, Fook, it will be realized that there are them; she then reduces her expenditure of morg than the fabolar thousand. and jenersy by forts pounds s sicide. which one ways in which forces aro expended lt question to answer for It in a two mile walk amounts tom very large that the world little dreams of. pat dowa Jenck end white in ig weight, Were a regiment of men required to ** sures are concerned, but I may Doing Things Wrong Way ke p step over any appreciable distance *t the normal being waste: Tea Mr. Brigg sald, the conserva- the loa of energy thit would be exerted mount n motorial cells. And this fon of energy Hes solely In the applice- by the abort mam in trying to equal his amen er mgttTee causes First The lack of incepti tion of mechanically perfect angles. Sol stride to that of a taller ono would equal/that which he had crginaly ibtasad: 1 that that, no matter bow good the-rides, ta Yast an amount of human strength is ex- pended In trying to do things in the wrong way or in not caring how they are done that the waste of the world at large s) millon of yond per hour, In a Mikel? doi cae were regiment to keep step while; Second The fact that heiallowed his crossing long bridge it would swing ee cere to be lost by. crossing horizontally, not vertically, for the reason Third Tha: his motorial cells are phmcrtanacsal, that tem per cont'of the thrust of ejtherefore'actuated by 0 diverse enum. In Higure WD the model of a man fs/man's atep 1s from right to left and gt;et of impulses of the brain that they are shown conserving energy. The average thon from left to. right, so that the (able to segregate without the effort. Porter leans forward to start a pull, thus bridge, teking up the waste, swings, or This is easily proven. Suppoalng a throwing all the weight on his back bip hae the tetidency to awing, from side to man seated at a table in a restaurant muscles instead of on his left leg, biceps aide: glass of a liquid is before him; he ts and chest. The rear foot in the figure is The Indian, toeing in as he does, is Fey: his motor celle obey. the first: im- relaxed, the whole upper body being de- very saving of his forces, and this is Beas eo a rece: Ssatatane the Yoted to the task in hand. But how particularly noticeable if one followa bis motor cells are decalibrated because thelr many know how to do this? Very few. trail in snow. original intention is crossed: by another From many examples that were shown Does a bicycle waste or conserve impulse, which is toipelse the object that was disturbed. Hail the man s band con- tinued to the giaes there would hate been Bo waste of mertal energy, bat Mr. Brigg laughed, that would riot have been aman nator No, we expend, I should say, about quintillions of tona per hour in wasted physical energy. Seq In mental lose you miay ask your welt and wandering about the mountains he became much Interested in country wedding and sketched it on the spot. He put the aketch in a book in the pocket of hiv paletot to dinner. After dinner he looked for the sketch ; it was gone. Angry at the theft. the artist called the / Attitude by Mr. Brigg it is evident that the ten- dency of the workingman is to misplace his load and by so doing to amplifytarge- ly that which under scientific methods he Figure 1 B, Man's Normal? Stride Bt Abnormal. landlord and made complaint, but no of the book was found. From Ischt went to Vienna, and there be found ter and a parcel awaiting him, ter, which was anonymous, read Sir: T stole your book at Ischl. sketch was so charming that T resist the temptation of having it possession, and I knew very well that theft Is neither my trade nor my habit, and I beg you to accept as a souvenir of nd my enthuslasni for your talent the Walking stick which will reach you at the same time as this letter. 5 The cane. was a massive one with a gold head, in which was set gem of value, On another oceasion the artist lost -his energy when compared to either walking or riding on a hores You will. see in diagram A. Mr. Brigg answered, producing it from a portfolio, that the work done in either walking or running is far greater than that dissipated when on wheels, for the reason that a bicycle continues along an even plane, or nearly 60, whereas in Brigg said: more energy than others? Mr. could do with a great percentage of ease. ndoubtedly porters, longshoremen. walking the body has to adjust itself to a quick succession of almost falls, and TE then a calculation should be made. sepa ice therefore expends greater energy. When to the energy that is wasted in the city of passport while ona tour in Switzerland, JAt Lucerne he asked to be allowed to speak to the Mayor, to whom he gave his, name. You say that you are Monsieur Gus- tave Dor , and,I believe you, said the and he produced piece Dor looked around him and saw some peasants selling potatoes in the street. With a few clever touches he reproduced the homely scene and, appending his name to the sketch, gaye if to the Mayor. Your, passport is all right, remarked the official, bat you must allow me. to keep it and to off F you In return one of the ordinary form. IAA RTANVAR A OOR Neen a eren ete Teennn nn ennnnnnnnennnnnenenneate: Australasian Penal Colonies Now Self-Governing Communities. 414 position whicb the Austral-in great part abominable, and the expla- asian colonits are gaining in the tion was certainly terrible. particularly since thelr federation on the plan of the/broiling Australian Gnited States, has attracted the worked in chains, and the chains were world, bandits. They preyed on the natives and on the settlers, committing robberies that; wokk im the were not infrequently attended with mur- The convicts were put Often they der. attention of the world to them not counted as diminishing thelr capacity ticularly alarming. Tho malefactors were and recalled the singular and striking fact for hard labor. that great penal colonies, where at one of them were let out to farmers and the time disorder and crime prevailed, have proprietors of shecp range self-govern- farmers happened tobe humane, the con- and had escaped to the bush. His band) become orderly and strictly ing comnfunities. The story of the p nal settlements of many cuses the farmer regarded his con- Australia and Tasmania, and th earn of cruelty and of crim convict syatem, ig most Byen the best conducted If these England to the colony on a long sentence; viet might be feasonably happy. But in/of convicts raided the natites to pro- vict Belper as a slave, india beast of burden, ly as pose bl island, The result was that as many of the They became such a terror to the a convicts ax could do 0 escaped to the peacefu) settler that when Mike Howe woods and became bushrangera or in the thickets and fastnesses of the fa highwayman, who had been sent from by a gigantic soldier known treated as a centlemian, they were glad to make the arrangement. But the Governor General at Syduey refused to give his sanction to the pact end Hawes Ta Tasmania such ravages were par- took to the bush again, Ele was pursued by troops and in a deeddfal hand to. under the leadership of one Mike Howe, hand conflict was overcome and beheaded ae Big Bal Howe's followers continued the Jientlessly, but at last there The convicts tired of vide themselves with wives, and these change. as indeed he was, women served them willingly as guides ing and little by Httle good conduct. The ayatem of ments was abolished. No more . came out from England, and the of the colonies agreed to forget the proposed a peace, in which he was to be of those who were already there,

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Attribution Image 154 (1912-07-26), from microfilm reel 154, (CU1772235). Courtesy of Early Alberta Newspapers Collection, Libraries and Cultural Resources Digital Collections, University of Calgary.